Grade 8

GRADE 8
GEOGRAPHY

Patterns in Human Geography

APPLICABLE EXPECTATIONS

By the end of Grade 8, students will:

demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting population distribution (e.g. history, natural environment, technological development);
identify and describe the characteristics common to places of high population density and the characteristics common to places of low population density;
demonstrate an understanding of how site and situation influence settlement;
identify and describe the types of land use (e.g., residential, recreational, institutional, commercial, industrial, agricultural; for transportation, communication, utilities; open spaces);
demonstrate an understanding of the terms describing population characteristics (e.g. birth and death rates, literacy rate);
demonstrate an understanding of the correlation between population characteristics;
demonstrate an understanding of the factors affecting urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and improvements in agriculture.

Economic Systems

APPLICABLE EXPECTATIONS:

By the end of Grade 8, students will:

demonstrate an awareness of the fundamental elements of an economic system; what goods are produced; how they are produced; for whom they are produced; and how they are distributed;
demonstrate an awareness of the characteristics of basic economic systems (e.g., subsistence, traditional, command, market), as well as recognition that most countries like Canada have a mixed economy that includes features from more than one system;
demonstrate an understanding of how economic resources (e.g., land, labour, capital, entrepreneurial ability) influence the economic success of a region;
identify and give examples of the three major types of industries (i.e., primary/resource, secondary/manufacturing, tertiary/service), and describe how the distribution of these industries has changed;
demonstrate an understanding of the manufacturing system (e.g., input, process, output, feedback), and describe how mechanization and technology have changed the Canadian economy.
describe the impact of a new industry on the economy of a region

Migration

APPLICABLE EXPECTATIONS

By the end of Grade 8, students will:

demonstrate an understanding that migration results from decisions people make about conditions and events around them;
identify factors that influence people to move away from a place (e.g., drought, war);
identify factors that influence people to move to another place (e.g., plenty of employment opportunities, security);
identify barriers to migration (e.g., physical, financial, legal, emotional);
identify the components of culture that can be affected by Migration (e.g., language, social organization, educational systems, beliefs and customs);
identify global distribution patterns of various cultures;
demonstrate an understanding of the effects that migration has had on the development of Canada (e.g., immigration from Asia)
describe how technology has improved mobility